•Treatments
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Medical researchers believe that stem cell therapy has the potential to dramatically change the treatment of human disease. A number of adult stem cell therapies already exist, particularly bone marrow transplants that are used to treat leukemia .[27] In the future, medical researchers anticipate being able to use technologies derived from stem cell research to treat a wider variety of diseases including cancer , Parkinson's disease , spinal cord injuries , Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and muscle damage, amongst a number of other impairments and conditions.[28] [29] 1908 - The term "stem cell" was proposed for scientific use by the Russian histologist Alexander Maksimov (1874-1928) at congress of hematologic society in Berlin . It postulated existence of haematopoietic stem cells. 1998 - James Thomson and coworkers derive the first human embryonic stem cell line at the University of Wisconsin-Madison .
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2003 - Dr. Songtao Shi of NIH discovers new source of adult stem cells in children's primary teeth.[33] October 2006 - Scientists at Newcastle University in England create the first ever artificial liver cells using umbilical cord blood stem cells.[34] January 2007 - Scientists at Wake Forest University led by Dr. Anthony Atala and Harvard University report discovery of a new type of stem cell in amniotic fluid .[5] This may potentially provide an alternative to embryonic stem cell research and therapy.[36]
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In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin or intestinal tissues.
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